See krowiak on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Agriculture",
"orig": "pl:Agriculture",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "krowa",
"4": "-ak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish krowiak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kárˀwāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kòrva\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowiak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"krowiak\">\nFrom krowa + -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish krowiak\nFrom krowa + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiák",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "krowiak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wiak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wiak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "krowiaka"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Mushrooms",
"orig": "pl:Mushrooms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"any mushroom of the genus Paxillus"
],
"id": "en-krowiak-pl-noun-02Fk1R4m",
"links": [
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"Paxillus",
"Paxillus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "pl:Feces",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cattle manure, cow manure (fertilizer)"
],
"id": "en-krowiak-pl-noun-l98C7FUA",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cattle manure, cow manure (fertilizer)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krowieniec"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.vjak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjak"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowiak"
}
],
"word": "krowiak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱer- (grow)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerh₂- (head)",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvjak/2 syllables",
"pl:Agriculture",
"pl:Feces",
"pl:Mushrooms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "krowa",
"4": "-ak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish krowiak\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"head\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱer-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱerh₂-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kárˀwāˀ\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kòrva\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"person nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂kos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"krowiak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"krowiak\">\nFrom krowa + -ak.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱer-\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\n?\nProto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *kárˀwāˀ\nProto-Slavic *kòrva\nOld Polish krowa\nPolish krowa\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nPolish -ak\nPolish krowiak\nFrom krowa + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krowiák",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "krowiak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kro‧wiak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"kro‧wiak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "krowiaka"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"any mushroom of the genus Paxillus"
],
"links": [
[
"mushroom",
"mushroom"
],
[
"Paxillus",
"Paxillus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle manure, cow manure (fertilizer)"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) cattle manure, cow manure (fertilizer)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "krowieniec"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrɔ.vjak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvjak"
},
{
"homophone": "Krowiak"
}
],
"word": "krowiak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krowiak meaning in All languages combined (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.